The existing quantum mechanics are very successful, but there are also many problems. The voice questioning it has never been interrupted [1-5]. Therefore, efforts to improve or develop it are always necessary. Quantum electrodynamics has also been questioned [6]. There is also considerable evidence of certainty in microsystems. For example, if the quantum state is uncertain, then the Pauli exclusion principle cannot be established. The reason is that the spin state of electrons is one of the quantum states of electrons, and if it is uncertain, the four quantum numbers of an electron in an atom cannot be exactly the same without any obstacles. In addition, if particles in the microscopic system cannot have a definite momentum and position at the same time, molecules such as graphite and diamond cannot have a definite bond length, bond angle, and bond energy. If the product of energy and time cannot be determined simultaneously, then measuring bond energy or photon energy must take an infinite amount of time. This is impossible.

Is Bohr's planetary model absolutely limited to hydrogen atoms? When someone developed Bohr's planetary model into the Saturn rings model (Saturn model for short. The motion of s electrons outside the nucleus is similar to that of Saturn's rings. Both the Saturn model and Bohr's planetary model belong to the category of the old quantum theory), and successfully extended its application to hydrogen molecules, the results were consistent with the experimental facts, what would readers think? If the calculation process adheres to the unified operating principle, and there are four calculation examples of diatomic molecules, and the calculation examples of atomic s electrons include all atoms, can it be considered as coupling?

The reason why Bohr's planetary model cannot be used for microsystems other than hydrogen atoms is precisely because of the point electron scattering model or the solid spherical electronic structure model. Once the electronic structure model is developed from the planetary model of the solar system to the Saturn model in the Saturn system (non-point or non-solid sphere structure model), the Bohr model can immediately apply multi center and multi electron bound systems. I have done the work led out by the several “if” above and completed the following work. Under the common premise (hypothesis), we can give the specific form of the motion of the electron spin, and derive the electron spin magnetic moment operator and the electron spin angular momentum operator. The common premise is that the free electron is also annular, which is formed by the wave propagating along a closed path. It is called the light knot electronic structure model (or the wave element electronic structure model). According to this model, the electron spin angular momentum and the electron spin magnetic moment can be calculated, which are

completely consistent with the experimental values. Whether the old quantum theory and wave mechanics are contradictory or not, the mathematical form system of the two theories can be used at the same time (that is, we can ignore the contradictory established understanding of the two theories and use their mathematical formal system at the same time). That is to say, we can use practical actions to show that the mathematical formal systems of the two theories are compatible. The unified operational principle mentioned above is the program of "practical action" mentioned in the previous sentence. A series of related calculation results under the unified principle and operation principle constitute the evidence network of Tu's theory and method (evidence network is a stronger evidence system than evidence chain). Since quantum field theory cannot give the specific structure and internal motion mode of electrons, it has no ability and qualification to judge the specific internal structure given by other theories. In fact, the electronic internal structure model of light knot does not deny the main content of the mathematical form system of quantum field theory. In view of the above facts, do we have sufficient reason to believe that the calculated results that conform to the experimental facts are coincidence?

Figure 1. Saturn Model.

The old quantum theory, represented by Bohr, belongs to the category of localized realism and determinism, that is, classical theory. In philosophy, its mathematical form system and interpretation system are consistent. The interpretation of the phenomenon is always inseparable from subjective judgment, and there is a great risk to accept the conclusion of subjective judgment. If the interpretation system of wave mechanics is separated from the mathematical formal system, the mathematical formal system is purely objective and can be expressed in the form of localized realism and determinism. In this way, the old quantum theory and the mathematical form system of wave mechanics do not necessarily have very sharp contradictions. On the contrary, the two mathematical formal systems are consistent with mathematical logic (belonging to mathematical logic system), and there is no logic barrier for their compatibility. As long as you change your mind, the old quantum theory can be compatible with the formal system of wave mechanics rather than contradictory to the interpretive system of wave mechanics. In the second section, the author will explain theoretically "why it is possible to use both wave mechanics and Saturn model" [see the author's joint description of Eqs. (3), (7), (8), (9), (16) and (18) after Eq. (18)]. The specific method is that as long as x is a circle composed of arc lengths and its radius is fixed, the wave function and corresponding de Broglie waves can be both real matter waves and just tools. As long as the de Broglie wavelength can be written as λ=h/p, such a bound system (whether macroscopic or microscopic) can be described using the Schrödinger equation. In the process of describing the same object, a definite circular orbit motion is recognized, the Saturn model (or planetary model) is used to indicate the use of classical mechanics that is "applicable to the macroscopic field", and the Schr ö dinger equation is used to calculate physical quantities such as energy eigenvalues using wave dynamics. Together, we can use both classical mechanics and wave dynamics to describe macroscopic objects simultaneously. Together, we can use both classical mechanics and wave dynamics to describe macroscopic objects simultaneously.

The core concept of existing quantum mechanics is the spin of microscopic particles and the principle of superposition of states. Unfortunately, how is the spin magnetic moment generated? Quantum mechanics cannot answer this question (without detailed theoretical discussion). It is only a physical property inherent in the spin of particles that is forcibly defined. People subjectively believe that it, like the mass and charge properties of particles, is innate (i.e. has intrinsic properties), and through subjective quantum mechanical rules, they are divided into various spin forms such as 0, 1, 2, 1/2, 2/3, etc. This is a flaw in the theory of quantum mechanics! The principle of superposition of states is also a subjective assumption that has many logical loopholes (see Appendix A: Logic loopholes and other issues of the principle of superposition of states). The purpose of the state superposition principle established in a hypothetical way is to find reasons for denying the existence of detected eigenstates and eigenvalues before measurement. If there are insufficient reasons to deny that the measurement results (especially non projection measurement results) reflect the original objective existence, physics research will be difficult to move forward. Moreover, the probability theory used to maintain the superposition principle of states must modify traditional probability theory (i.e., not in line with previous classical probability theory). The principle of superposition of states assumes a dual risk of errors in physics and mathematics. The new viewpoint of using the principle of superposition of states to deny the problem of avoidable superposition of states is not appropriate. The author of this article breaks free from the constraints of the basic particle structure models of point particles and solid spheres and establishes the wave element material architecture theory, providing a specific way for electron spin. The author of this article breaks free from the constraints of the basic particle structure models of point particles and solid spheres and establishes the wave element material architecture theory, providing a specific way for electron spin. The principle of superposition of states has therefore shifted from the core and foundation of quantum mechanics to the mathematical formal system of quantum mechanics, and has become a secondary knowledge point (no longer the core and foundation of quantum mechanics).

In the next natural section, I will introduce the developing process of theories and methods.

At the end of 1985, I suddenly wanted to try whether the hydrogen molecule with two electrons between two hydrogen nuclei could reach mechanical equilibrium. To achieve such a mechanical equilibrium, the electron between the two nuclei must be an elastic ring-shaped entity. This is the old way of Bohr planetary model. No matter what the obstacles are or what the principle of the method is, it is necessary to find out the skeleton system that meets the requirements. As a result, the mechanical equilibrium equation was solved, and the skeleton structure of hydrogen molecule meeting the requirements was found. Then I tried to calculate the dissociation energy and bond length of hydrogen molecule. The biggest difficulty encountered at that time was that it was impossible to calculate the interaction energy between two paired electrons. So I decided to calculate hydrogen molecular ions first，and achieved success. The method is to combine Bohr's hydrogen atom theory with the mathematical form system of wave mechanics.

In 1987, I adopted an empirical constant [7] to solve the problem of calculating the interaction energy between two paired bound electrons. Later, the empirical constant was improved by using ionization energy data [8]. Then the dissociation energies and bond lengths of hydrogen, lithium, sodium and HCl molecules were calculated by using the Saturn model framework, classical electrodynamics and wave mechanics [9-12]. The calculated results are close to the experimental results. The ionization energy and atomic radius of helium, beryllium and other elements are also calculated [9]. The calculated results are also in agreement with the experimental values or recognized values. Each calculation case in reference [9-12] has a significant feature, that is, the Saturn model method and the wave mechanics method can be used separately or at the same time (simultaneous use means mixed use).

These results obviously promote the application of Bohr's planetary model to the calculation of small molecules and multi electron atoms. It is difficult to deny the above results by using rigorous logical methods. The theory used

by the author is neither completely the old quantum theory (after all, Schrödinger equation is used) nor completely wave mechanics (after all, the interpretation system of wave mechanics is abandoned). We not only do not exclude the mathematical formal systems of the old and new quantum theories, but also make them compatible (mixing their advantages). The source of the theory and method is the assumption of the electronic structure of wave elements (the term "light-knot electronic structure" was once used). However, both authoritative readers and ordinary readers may have two doubts: first, is it the calculation result made up by the author? Second, is it a coincidence? Since there are many calculation cases (the evidence network has been formed), the doubt of coincidence seems to be dispelled (if all 10 calculation cases are coincidence, the probability of coincidence seems too high). As long as many calculation examples are successfully obtained according to the unified principle and method, the first doubt can also be eliminated. We can also try to find a reasonable explanation for the phenomenon of "that successful computing cases are relatively many". If the existing theories and methods cannot explain it, some new hypotheses or theories will inevitably arise (Planck's explanation of blackbody radiation phenomenon is the case).

As we all know, Bohr's theory and method of planetary model belong to the category of localized realism and determinism in philosophy. The existing interpretation system of wave mechanics belongs to the category of nonlocal realism and indeterminism. From a large perspective, the fact that "multiple calculation results obtained by using Bohr method and wave mechanics method can be mixed with facts" in reference [9-12] shows that the old quantum theory established by bole and the wave mechanics established by Schrödinger are compatible in terms of mathematical formal system, although they are contradictory in philosophy. The planetary model and wave mechanics are mixed to describe the same microscopic system. Wave mechanics can solve the problems of system stability and quantization that have not been solved by the planetary model, and the planetary model method can provide great convenience for the establishment of potential energy function in wave mechanics. This is undoubtedly an important conclusion that can add points for the author.

“As mentioned above, the following sentence is generally included or acquiesced in the textbooks of quantum mechanics and quantum chemistry”: the Schrödinger equation of a simple system can be solved accurately, such as the Schrödinger equation of electrons in a hydrogen atom. For complex systems, it can only be solved approximately. According to the existing quantum mechanics, we can not give the specific structure and the specific movement mode of the electron in the microscopic system. These are the shortcomings of wave mechanics. The deficiencies of the old quantum theory (including Bohr's planetary model hydrogen atom theory) are more obvious. It is also helpless for the multi electron system other than the hydrogen atom, and the stability and quantization of the micro bound system is only a hypothesis. However, the author's research work breaks this situation by combining the mathematical formal system of the old quantum theory with the mathematical formal system of wave mechanics, thus expanding the application scope of quantum chemistry or quantum mechanics methods to the calculation of multi center microscopic systems and multi electron atoms. The principle of the method is derived from the assumption of the electronic structure of the optical junction, which extends Bohr's planetary atomic model in the solar system to the Saturn model in the Saturn system; The mathematical formal system of wave mechanics and the interpretation system can be separated, so that the old quantum theory and the mathematical formal system of wave mechanics are compatible with each other (this compatibility can be realized through successful calculation cases). The highlight of the research results of the title reference in this paper also lies in the development of the planetary model theory and the combination of the old and new mathematical form system of quantum theory, and has achieved many successful calculation cases. It points out a new possible

development direction for the theory of material structure and the interpretation system of quantum mechanics.

Although the accuracy of the calculation results of the new method is not high enough, it can reflect the great revolution of theory and methods. The calculation results of Copernicus's heliocentric theory are not as accurate as

those of Ptolemy's repaired geocentric theory. This also did not affect the revolutionary nature of Copernicus's heliocentric theory.

The new theory established by the author of this article meets the three basic conditions of "the new theory has communicative value": The problems that can be solved by old theories can be solved by new theories; Some problems that cannot be solved by old theories can also be solved by new theories; New theories can make some predictions that old theories cannot make. Here are the details:

Fact 1: The problem that existing physics theories have solved is that various calculations can be performed on microscopic systems using the Schrödinger equation and Dirac equation.

Fact 2: The problem that existing physics theories cannot solve is the inability to clarify the specific form of spin of microscopic particles such as electrons, and the lack of knowledge about the source of electron spin magnetic moments.

Fact 3: The author of this article can also achieve practical results And it can be done better. Because the author of this article achieved fact 1 through compatibility between wave dynamics and classical electrodynamics. And the method is simpler and the result is more accurate when completing fact 1. This belongs to the category of "as long as the existing theory can solve the problem, the author of this paper can also solve it".

Fact 4: Fact 2 expresses the flaws or shortcomings of existing physics theories (it is a dark cloud floating over physics). In this paper, the author puts forward a specific electronic internal structure model and electron spin mode (electromagnetic wave runs in ferris wheel mode), and accurately calculates the electron spin angular momentum and spin magnetic moment according to this spin mode, thus dispersing this dark cloud. This belongs to the category of "the author of this paper has solved the problem that the existing theory can't solve".

Fact 5: The author of this article predicted a phenomenon that existing theories cannot predict - the electron beam can be continuously split when passing through multiple non-uniform magnetic fields; The Schr ö dinger equation can be used to describe planetary motion. The first prophecy is also a verification experiment designed to validate the basic hypothesis proposed by the author of this article. It does not support the principle of state superposition. So, existing physics theories cannot make this prediction. The second prophecy is made based on the belief that there is no insurmountable gap between the laws followed by the microsystem and the laws followed by the macrocosm. According to existing quantum mechanics, such a second prediction cannot be made. The Schr ö dinger equation for planetary motion has been established in this article and can be validated using known data from planets. This situation also belongs to the transformation and expansion of the application scope of existing quantum mechanics. The third prophecy is that conducting electron diffraction experiments in a cloud chamber can also yield diffraction fringes. This prophecy was made based on the first prophecy and the second prophecy. It also does not support the principle of state superposition.

Next, we will take the quantum chemical calculation of micro systems such as hydrogen molecule and lithium atom as an example to explain the principle and/or operation rules of the calculation method in detail.